Globalization and Democracy

These three tables are taken from pages 33 (table 1), 35 (table 2) and 38 (table 3) of “Economic Globalization and Democracy: An Economic Analysis” by Li and Reuveny (2003)

- Link to the article http://people.tamu.edu/~quanli/research_papers/reprint_files/BJPS_2003_globdem.pdf

Table 1. Globalization Promotes Democracy

Num.	Argument	Discussed in
1.	Globalization promotes economic development .	Schumpeter (1950), Held (1992), Platner (1993), Weitzman 1993, Bhagwati (1994), Lipset (1994) Muller (1995), Im (1996)
2.	Globalization increases the demand of international business for democracy .	Kant (1795), Bhagwati (1994), Schmitter (1996), Oneal and Russett (1997, 1999)
3.	Globalization reduces the incentives of authoritarian leaders to cling to power.	Reuschemeyer and Evans (1985), Diamond (1994), Drake (1998)
4.	Globalization reduces information costs, increasing contact with other democracies and making the pro-democracy international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) more effective.	Van Hanen (1990), Brunn and Leinback (1991), Diamond (1992), Schmitter (1996), Kummel (1998), Keck and Sikkink (1998), Risse and Sikkink (1999), Boli and Thomas (1999)
5.	Globalization pushes the authoritarian states to decentralized power.	Self (1993), Sheth (1995), Roberts (1996)
6.	Globalization promotes domestic institutions that support democracy.	Roberts (1996), Stark (1998), Keck and Sikkink (1998), Fruhling (1998), Risse and Sikkink (1999), Roli and Thomas (1999)
7.	Globalization intensifies the diffusion of democratic ideas.	Kant (1795), Whitehead (1986, 1996), Huntington (1991), Starr (1991), Przeworski et al., (1996)

Table 2. Globalization Obstructs Democracy

Num.	Argument	Discussed in
1.	Globalization reduces state policy autonomy and brings about public policies that please foreign investors instead of the common people.	Lindblom (1977), Held (1991), Diamond (1994), Gill (1995), Jones (1995), Gray (1996), Schmitter (1996), Cox (1997), Cammack (1998)
2.	Globalization produces more domestic losers and winners, at least in the short run, and it also diminishes the ability of the state to compensate the losers financially.	Drucker (1994), Muller (1995), Bryan and Farrel (1996), Beck (1996), Cox (1996), Moran (1996), Marquand (1997), Rodrik (1997), Martin and Schumann (1997), Longworth (1998)
3.	Globalization enables the fast movement of money between countries, resulting in frequent balance of payment crises and unstable domestic economic performance.	Im (1987), Diamond (1992, 1999), Haggard and Kaufman (1995), MacDonald (1991), O’Donnell (1994), Trent (1994), Cammack (1998)
4	Globalization deepens ethnic and class cleavages and diminishes the national-cultural basis of democracy.	Robertson (1992), Dahl (1994), Im (1996)
5.	Globalization enables the state and MNC’s to control and manipulate information supplied to the public.	Gill (1995), Im (1996), Martin and Schumann (1997)
6.	Globalization degrades the concept of citizenship, an important prerequisite for a functioning and stable democracy.	Whitehead (1993), O’Donnell (1993), Im (1996), Sassen (1996), Cox (1997), Boron (1998)
7.	Globalization widens the economic gap between the North and the South	Wallerstein (1974), Bollen (1983), Tarkowski (1989), Przeworski (1991), Gill (1995),  Amin (1996), Cox (1996), Im (1996), Kummell (1998)

Table 3 Globalization Does Not Necessarily Affect Democracy

Num.	Argument	Discussed in
1.	The extent of globalization is exaggerated	Scharpf (1991), Jones (1995), Wade (1996), Hirst and Thompson (1996), Hirst (1997)
2.	Globalization does not render the welfare state powerless	Vernon (1971), Kurzer (1993), Frieden and Rogowski (1996), Garrett (1999)
3.	The effects of globalization on countries vary	Haggard and Kauffman (1995), Milner and Keohane (1996),